Antidepressants as Coanalgesic
Antidepressants are a class of medications used primarily to treat depression. Antidepressants include subgroups of tricyclic antidepressants such as desipramine, nortriptyline, amitriptyline, imipramine, doxepin, and clomipramine; SSRIs, including fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, and escitalopram; SNRIs such as venlafaxine (duloxetine is most common) and other (e.g., bupropion, trazodone, mertazapine, mianserin*).
Antibiotics - Topical
Antibiotics are medicines that combat bacterial infections by killing or slowing the growth of bacteria. Specific antibiotic agents or classes may be identified within the PEP resources as individual interventions, depending upon the specificity of the evidence synthesized. Prophylactic administration of antibiotics has been examined for the prevention of infection in patients with cancer. Topical applications of antibiotics have been evaluated in patients with cancer for the management of skin effects.
Antibiotics - Systemic for Treatment
Antibiotics are medicines that combat bacterial infections by killing or slowing the growth of bacteria. Specific antibiotic agents or classes may be identified within the PEP resources as individual interventions, depending upon the specificity of the evidence synthesized. Administration of systemic antibiotics to treat skin effects from targeted therapies has been examined for its effectiveness in patients with cancer.
Antibiotics - Systemic for Prophylaxis
Antibiotics are medicines that combat bacterial infections by killing or slowing the growth of bacteria. Specific antibiotic agents or classes may be identified within the PEP resources as individual interventions, depending on the specificity of the evidence synthesized. Prophylactic administration of antibiotics has been examined for the prevention of infection in patients with cancer and for the prevention of skin effects from chemotherapy and targeted therapies.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in At-Risk Patients
Antibiotic prophylaxis involves the administration of antibiotics prior to any infection in order to prevent infection. Routine antibiotic prophylaxis has been recommended by several professional groups in patients who are at risk for infection, such as those who have an expected duration of severe neutropenia for more than seven days, and patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Flouroquinolones are most often recommended, and have been associated with decreased incidence of febrile neutropenia and infection.
Antibiotic Coated Sutures
Use of antimicrobial-coated sutures for surgical closure has been examined in patients undergoing surgery for its effect in the prevention of surgical site infections in patients with cancer.
Antibiotic Abdominal Lavage in Colorectal Surgery
Intrabdominal lavage with a clindamycin-gentamicin solution was used in patients undergoing open surgery for colorectal cancer immediately before surgical closure of the abdominal wall. The effect on postoperative wound infection and rate of development of intra-abdominal abcesses was evaluated.
Anionic Polar Phospholipid (APP) Cream
APP skin cream is an oil-in-water emulsion that was prepared in a Food and Drug Administration-approved facility under Current Good Manufacturing Guidelines, but it is not commercially available. The active ingredients of APP cream are triglycerides and phospholipids preserved with benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and diaxolipinyl urea.
Animal-Assisted Therapy
Animal-assisted therapy is a recognized complementary therapeutic approach using animals to increase patients’ psychological and physical well-being. Animals involved are trained and certified, and animal-assisted therapy has been used to assist in physical rehabilitation, management of pain, and in long-term care settings, as well as other applications. In patients with cancer, evaluation of animal-assisted therapy was conducted related to management of fatigue.
Anesthetics--Systemic
Systemic anesthetic administration refers to the intravenous or oral administration of an anesthetic agent. The systemic administration of lidocaine by intravenous infusion and its oral analog mexiletine were examined for their effectiveness in the management of chronic neuropathic pain. Anesthetic infusion also has been studied for the management of acute and refractory pain.